Excessive alcohol use contributes to approximately 88,000 deaths each year within the United States.¹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated binge drinking, chronic drinking or being at risk for problem drinking are shown below.

	Binge Drinking* **		At Risk for Problem Drinking* ***		Chronic Drinking* ****
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	18	17-20	6	6-7	6	6-7
Gender
Male	23	21-25	7	6-9	11	9-12
Female	13	12-15	5	5-6	2	2-3
Age
18-29	30	26-34	8	6-11	6	4-9
30-44	26	23-29	7	6-9	7	6-9
45-64	15	14-18	6	5-8	6	5-8
65+	5	4-6	4	3-5	5	4-7
Education
< High school	11	7-16	7	4-11	9	5-14
High school	16	14-18	6	5-7	6	5-7
Some college	20	18-23	7	6-9	6	5-8
College degree	22	20-24	7	6-8	6	5-7
Household income
< $15,000	16	13-21	6	4-10	6	4-9
$15,000 to $24,999	14	11-17	6	4-8	6	4-8
$25,000 to $49,999	16	14-19	7	5-9	6	5-8
$50,000 to $74,999	19	15-22	7	5-9	7	5-9
$75,000+	25	23-28	7	6-9	8	6-10
Race
White, non-Hispanic	19	18-20	6	6-7	7	6-8
Black, non-Hispanic	17	13-22	7	4-10	5	3-9
Hispanic	18	13-25	8	5-12	6	3-10
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	29	22-38	8	5-13	8	5-14
Straight	17	16-18	6	5-7	6	5-7

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Defined as having five or more drinks on one occasion for men and having four or more drinks on one occasion for women
***Defined as adult men having more than two drinks per day and adult women having more than one drink per day
****Defined as having an average of two drinks or more every day for the past 30 days

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Arthritis and rheumatism are the leading causes of disability within the United States. Symptoms of arthritis include pain, aching, stiffness and swelling in or around the joints.² The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were ever told they have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus or fibromyalgia are shown below.

	Ever Told Have Some Form of Arthritis*
Demographics	%	CI
All adults	29	28-31
Gender
Male	25	23-27
Female	33	31-35
Age
18-29	5	3-7
30-44	14	11-16
45-64	36	34-39
65+	55	52-58
Education
< High school	36	30-43
High school	33	31-36
Some college	29	26-31
College degree	21	19-23
Household income
< $15,000	40	35-45
$15,000 to $24,999	39	35-43
$25,000 to $49,999	31	28-34
$50,000 to $74,999	27	23-31
$75,000+	20	18-22
Race
White, non-Hispanic	32	30-33
Black, non-Hispanic	27	23-31
Hispanic	16	11-22
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	21	14-29
Straight	32	30-34

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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23.7 million, or 43.5 percent of United States adults report limitations in their usual activities due to arthritis.³ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated their usual activities were limited due to arthritis or joint symptoms, arthritis or joint symptoms affected work or arthritis or joint symptoms interfered with social activities are shown below.

	Usual Activities Limited Due to Arthritis or Joint Symptoms* **		Arthritis or Joint Symptoms Affected Work* **		Arthritis or Joint Symptoms Interfered with Social Activities* **
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	50	47-53	32	29-35	47	44-50
Gender
Male	50	46-55	34	30-39	45	40-49
Female	49	46-53	30	27-34	48	45-52
Age
18-29	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
30-44	53	44-63	40	31-50	54	44-63
45-64	58	54-62	44	40-49	52	48-57
65+	41	37-46	17	14-21	40	36-45
Education
< High school	56	45-66	31	23-41	64	54-74
High school	51	47-56	38	34-43	50	45-54
Some college	49	44-54	31	27-36	45	40-50
College degree	43	38-48	21	18-25	32	28-36
Household income
< $15,000	68	60-76	53	45-61	73	65-80
$15,000 to $24,999	59	53-66	34	28-40	63	57-69
$25,000 to $49,999	50	44-56	34	28-40	46	40-52
$50,000 tot $74,999	46	38-54	33	26-40	35	28-42
$75,000+	40	34-46	23	18-29	31	25-37
Race
White, non-Hispanic	49	46-52	30	28-33	45	41-48
Black, non-Hispanic	48	39-58	41	32-51	54	44-63
Hispanic	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Straight	50	46-53	32	29-35	46	43-49

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Out of adults who were told they have some form or arthritis
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Exercise is crucial for people with arthritis. It increases strength and flexibility, reduces joint pain, and helps combat fatigue.⁴ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated a doctor or health professional ever suggested losing weight to help arthritis or joint symptoms, a doctor or health professional ever suggested physical activity or exercise to help arthritis or joint symptoms or taken a class to manage arthritis or joint symptoms are shown below.

	A Doctor/Health Professional Ever Suggested Losing Weight to Help Arthritis/Joint Symptoms* **		A Doctor/Health Professional Ever Suggested Physical Activity/Exercise to Help Arthritis/Joint Symptoms* **		Taken Class to Manage Arthritis or Joint Symptoms* **
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	41	38-44	59	56-62	13	11-15
Gender
Male	44	39-49	57	53-62	12	9-15
Female	40	36-43	61	57-65	14	11-16
Age
18-29	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
30-44	45	35-56	58	47-68	16	9-25
45-64	42	38-47	65	61-69	13	11-17
65+	40	36-45	54	49-58	11	9-14
Education
< High school	38	28-49	53	41-64	7	3-14
High school	39	34-44	57	52-62	13	10-16
Some college	44	38-49	62	57-67	15	12-20
College degree	46	41-51	65	61-70	15	12-19
Household income
< $15,000	42	34-51	54	45-62	17	11-24
$15,000 to $24,999	41	34-48	60	53-67	13	9-19
$25,000 to $49,999	41	35-47	62	55-67	11	8-15
$50,000 tot $74,999	41	33-49	60	52-68	15	10-22
$75,000+	41	34-47	56	50-63	13	9-19
Race
White, non-Hispanic	40	37-43	58	55-62	12	10-14
Black, non-Hispanic	43	33-53	71	61-79	17	11-26
Hispanic	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Straight	40	37-44	60	57-63	13	11-15

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Out of adults who were told they have some form or arthritis
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs, characterized by wheezing, coughing, difficulty breathing and chest tightness.⁵ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they ever had asthma or currently have asthma are shown below.

	Ever Told Have Asthma*		Currently Has Asthma*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	16	15-17	10	9-11
Gender
Male	13	12-15	7	6-8
Female	18	16-20	13	12-15
Age
18-29	23	19-27	12	9-16
30-44	19	16-21	12	10-15
45-64	13	12-15	10	8-11
65+	11	9-13	7	6-9
Education
< High school	20	15-27	16	11-22
High school	13	11-15	9	7-10
Some college	17	15-20	11	9-13
College degree	16	14-17	9	8-11
Household income
< $15,000	24	19-29	19	15-24
$15,000 to $24,999	16	13-19	11	9-15
$25,000 to $49,999	15	12-17	9	7-11
$50,000 to $74,999	14	11-17	9	7-11
$75,000+	14	12-17	9	7-11
Race
White, non-Hispanic	15	14-17	10	9-11
Black, non-Hispanic	15	11-18	11	8-14
Hispanic	27	21-35	16	11-22
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	22	16-30	14	9-22
Straight	16	15-17	10	9-12

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States.⁶ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were ever told they had skin cancer and ever told they had any other type of cancer are shown below.

	Ever Told Had Skin Cancer*		Ever Told Had Any Other Type of Cancer*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	6	5-7	8	7-9
Gender
Male	7	6-8	6	5-7
Female	5	5-6	10	9-11
Age
18-29	0	0-1	1	0-2
30-44	1	1-3	3	2-4
45-64	6	5-7	8	7-10
65+	16	14-18	19	17-22
Education
< High school	6	4-9	10	6-15
High school	6	5-7	9	7-10
Some college	5	4-7	8	6-9
College degree	7	6-9	7	6-8
Household income
< $15,000	3	2-5	9	6-12
$15,000 to $24,999	6	4-8	10	8-13
$25,000 to $49,999	7	5-9	9	7-11
$50,000 to $74,999	5	4-7	8	6-10
$75,000+	6	5-8	6	5-8
Race
White, non-Hispanic	8	7-9	9	8-10
Black, non-Hispanic	0	0-1	7	5-10
Hispanic	0	0-2	6	3-11
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	4	1-9	4	2-8
Straight	7	6-8	9	8-10

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States.⁷ The estimate(s) of adults age 35 and older who indicated they had a heart attack, heart disease or stroke, ever had a heart attack, ever had angina or heart disease, or ever had a stroke are shown below.

	Ever Told Had Heart Attack, Heart Disease or Stroke*		Ever Told They Had a Heart Attack*		Ever Told They Had Angina or Heart Disease*		Ever Told They Had a Stroke*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	14	12-15	6	6-7	7	6-8	5	4-6
Gender
Male	16	14-18	8	7-10	8	7-10	5	4-7
Female	11	10-13	5	4-6	6	4-7	4	4-5
Age
35-44	4	2-6	2	1-4	2	1-4	1	1-2
45-54	7	5-9	3	2-4	3	2-5	3	2-6
55-64	15	12-18	8	6-10	7	5-9	5	4-7
65+	24	21-27	11	9-13	13	11-16	8	7-10
Education
< High school	27	21-35	13	8-19	11	7-18	10	7-16
High school	16	14-18	7	6-9	8	7-10	5	4-7
Some college	11	10-14	5	4-7	6	5-8	4	3-6
College degree	8	6-9	4	3-5	4	3-5	3	2-4
Household income
< $15,000	25	20-31	13	9-19	12	8-16	11	7-16
$15,000 to $24,999	21	17-26	10	8-14	8	6-11	9	6-13
$25,000 to $49,999	15	13-18	7	5-9	9	7-12	5	3-7
$50,000 to $74,999	12	9-16	6	3-9	7	4-10	3	2-5
$75,000+	6	5-8	3	2-3	4	3-5	2	1-3
Race
White, non-Hispanic	14	13-16	7	6-8	7	6-8	5	4-6
Black, non-Hispanic	12	9-16	5	3-7	6	4-9	6	4-9
Hispanic	15	9-25	8	3-17	4	2-11	7	4-14
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	NSR	NSR	3	1-7	6	2-13	NSR	NSR
Straight	14	13-15	7	6-8	7	6-9	5	4-6

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Approximately 39.8 million caregivers, or 16.6 percent, provide care to adults with a disability or illness.⁸ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they provided regular care or assistance to a friend or family member who has a health problem or disability in the past month, averaged up to eight hours per week in the past month providing care or assistance to a friend or family member who has a health problem or disability or averaged 40 hours or more per week in the past month providing care or assistance to a friend or family member who has a health problem or disability are shown below.

	Provided Regular Care/Assistance to Friend/Family Member Who Has Health Problem/Disability in the Past Month*		Averaged Up to 8 Hours/Week in the Past Month Providing Care/Assistance to Friend/Family Member Who Has Health Problem/Disability*		Averaged 40 Hours or More per Week in the Past Month Providing Care/Assistance to Friend/Family Member Who Has Health Problem/Disability*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	24	23-26	60	56-64	19	16-22
Gender
Male	22	20-25	64	58-69	17	13-22
Female	26	24-29	57	52-62	21	17-25
Age
18-29	15	12-19	66	52-77	8	3-19
30-44	23	20-27	54	45-63	21	15-30
45-64	29	26-31	61	56-66	19	15-24
65+	26	23-29	62	55-69	22	16-29
Education
< High school	23	17-31	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
High school	26	23-29	58	52-64	23	18-29
Some college	25	22-28	62	55-68	19	14-25
College degree	22	20-24	65	59-70	11	8-15
Household income
< $15,000	26	21-32	33	24-45	30	21-42
$15,000 to $24,999	27	23-32	48	39-58	24	17-34
$25,000 to $49,999	27	24-31	62	54-69	19	13-27
$50,000 to $74,999	26	22-31	64	55-72	17	11-25
$75,000+	21	18-23	74	68-79	13	9-18
Race
White, non-Hispanic	25	23-27	62	58-66	18	15-21
Black, non-Hispanic	26	21-31	51	39-62	22	14-34
Hispanic	22	15-30	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	28	20-37	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Straight	24	23-26	60	56-64	20	17-23

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease.⁹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they had their blood cholesterol checked in the past five years, were ever told they have high blood cholesterol or are currently taking medicine for high blood cholesterol are shown below.

	Blood Cholesterol Checked in the Past 5 Years*		Ever Told Have High Blood Cholesterol*		Currently Taking Medicine for High Blood Cholesterol*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	86	85-87	31	30-33	59	56-62
Gender
Male	84	82-86	33	30-35	62	58-66
Female	88	86-90	30	28-32	56	52-59
Age
18-29	69	64-73	7	5-10	3	1-11
30-44	78	75-82	17	14-20	22	15-31
45-64	92	90-93	39	37-42	57	53-61
65+	97	96-98	50	47-53	78	74-81
Education
< High school	82	75-87	33	27-40	72	60-81
High school	86	84-88	34	31-37	62	57-67
Some college	84	82-87	30	27-33	52	47-58
College degree	89	88-91	28	26-31	54	50-59
Household income
< $15,000	83	78-87	36	31-42	60	50-68
$15,000 to $24,999	86	83-89	32	27-36	73	66-79
$25,000 to $49,999	85	82-87	31	28-34	62	56-67
$50,000 to $74,999	84	80-87	32	28-36	52	44-59
$75,000+	88	86-90	29	27-32	53	48-58
Race
White, non-Hispanic	86	85-88	33	31-35	60	57-63
Black, non-Hispanic	88	84-91	29	25-34	56	46-65
Hispanic	83	77-88	22	17-29	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	90	84-94	20	14-28	NSR	NSR
Straight	86	85-88	33	32-35	60	56-63

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that usually results in coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and other symptoms.¹⁰ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were ever told they have COPD, emphysema or chronic bronchitis are shown below.

	Ever Told They Have COPD, Emphysema or Chronic Bronchitis*
Demographics	%	CI
All adults	7	6-7
Gender
Male	7	6-8
Female	7	6-8
Age
18-29	1	0-2
30-44	3	2-5
45-64	9	8-11
65+	11	10-13
Education
< High school	12	9-17
High school	8	7-9
Some college	6	5-7
College degree	3	3-4
Household income
< $15,000	13	10-17
$15,000 to $24,999	11	9-14
$25,000 to $49,999	7	5-9
$50,000 to $74,999	5	4-7
$75,000+	3	2-4
Race
White, non-Hispanic	7	6-8
Black, non-Hispanic	6	4-9
Hispanic	4	2-7
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	6	3-11
Straight	7	6-8

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Depression is a common and treatable medical disorder that is more common among individuals with chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and arthritis.¹¹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were ever told they have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, minor depression or dysthymia are shown below.

	Ever Told They Have Some Form of Depressive Disorder*
Demographics	%	CI
All adults	20	18-21
Gender
Male	15	13-16
Female	24	22-26
Age
18-29	20	17-24
30-44	22	19-25
45-64	22	20-24
65+	13	11-15
Education
< High school	22	17-28
High school	19	17-21
Some college	24	21-26
College degree	16	14-18
Household income
< $15,000	35	30-40
$15,000 to $24,999	27	23-31
$25,000 to $49,999	19	17-22
$50,000 to $74,999	18	15-22
$75,000+	15	13-17
Race
White, non-Hispanic	20	19-22
Black, non-Hispanic	18	14-22
Hispanic	20	15-26
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	33	25-42
Straight	19	18-21

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States.⁶ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were ever told they have diabetes, check their blood sugar daily, are now taking insulin and saw a doctor four or more times in the past year for diabetes are shown below.

	Ever Told Have Diabetes*		Check Their Blood Sugar Daily* **		Now Taking Insulin* **		Saw Doctor 4+ Times in Past Year for Diabetes* **
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	11	10-12	62	58-67	33	29-38	37	32-42
Gender
Male	11	10-13	60	53-67	37	30-44	33	27-40
Female	10	9-11	65	58-71	30	24-36	41	35-48
Age
18-29	1	1-2	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
30-44	4	3-6	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
45-64	13	12-15	68	61-74	35	28-42	38	31-45
65+	22	19-24	59	52-66	31	26-38	39	32-46
Education
< High school	15	11-19	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
High School	13	11-14	67	61-74	33	26-40	37	30-44
Some college	10	9-12	57	48-66	33	26-42	33	25-41
College degree	6	5-8	55	45-64	28	21-36	36	28-45
Household income
< $15,000	19	15-23	69	57-80	38	26-50	46	33-59
$15,000 to $24,999	15	12-18	60	49-71	36	26-47	38	28-50
$25,000 to $49,999	12	10-15	66	56-74	36	28-45	35	27-44
$50,000 to $74,999	7	5-9	66	54-77	36	24-50	28	18-40
$75,000+	6	5-8	53	41-64	28	18-41	34	24-45
Race
White, non-Hispanic	10	9-11	61	55-66	33	28-38	37	31-42
Black, non-Hispanic	15	12-18	77	65-85	40	29-53	39	27-51
Hispanic	10	6-14	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	11	6-19	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Straight	11	10-12	63	58-68	33	28-38	36	31-41

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Denominator is persons who have diabetes
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Approximately 9 million (3.7 percent) United States adults reported using an electronic cigarette or vaping product on a regular basis.¹² The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they ever used an e-cigarette or other electronic vaping product, currently use an e-cigarette or other electronic vaping product every day, or currently use an e-cigarette or other electronic vaping product some days are shown below.

	Ever Used E-Cigarette or Other Electronic Vaping Product*		Currently Use E-Cigarette or Other Electronic Vaping Product Every Day*		Currently Use E-Cigarette or Other Electronic Vaping Product Some Days*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	21	19-22	7	6-10	15	13-18
Gender
Male	24	22-26	8	5-11	16	13-21
Female	17	16-19	7	4-10	14	11-18
Age
18-29	37	33-41	5	3-8	13	9-19
30-44	30	26-33	9	6-14	15	10-21
45-64	15	14-17	9	6-15	19	14-24
65+	5	4-7	4	1-10	10	5-19
Education
< High school	21	16-28	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
High school	22	19-24	5	3-8	18	13-23
Some college	26	23-28	10	7-15	15	11-21
College degree	14	13-16	8	5-13	11	7-15
Household income
< $15,000	25	20-30	4	2-10	20	12-33
$15,000 to $24,999	22	18-26	10	5-18	16	11-25
$25,000 to $49,999	23	20-26	5	2-10	12	8-17
$50,000 to $74,999	24	20-28	8	4-16	18	11-27
$75,000+	18	16-21	11	7-16	15	10-21
Race
White, non-Hispanic	20	19-22	8	6-11	16	13-20
Black, non-Hispanic	19	15-24	2	0-10	11	5-21
Hispanic	24	19-31	3	1-12	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	34	26-43	9	4-20	NSR	NSR
Straight	20	18-21	7	5-9	14	11-17

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Regular physical activity among adults has been shown to reduce the risk of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon and breast cancers and osteoporosis. Keeping physically active also helps to control weight, maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints, and relieve symptoms of depression.¹³ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they met aerobic recommendations, met muscle strengthening recommendations, participated in no physical activity in the past month and participated in over 300 minutes of physical activity per week are shown below.

	Met Aerobic Recommendation*		Met Muscle Strengthening Recommendation*		Participated in No Physical Activity in the Past Month* **		Participated in Over 300 Minutes of Physical Activity per Week*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	53	51-55	30	29-32	25	23-26	33	32-35
Gender
Male	54	51-56	32	30-35	24	22-26	35	33-38
Female	52	50-55	28	26-31	26	24-28	31	29-34
Age
18-29	59	55-63	44	40-49	14	11-17	33	28-37
30-44	49	45-52	33	30-36	25	22-28	29	26-32
45-64	53	50-55	26	24-28	25	23-28	34	32-37
65+	53	50-56	23	21-26	33	30-36	38	35-42
Education
< High school	46	39-54	22	16-29	39	32-46	33	26-40
High School	47	44-50	26	23-29	32	29-35	31	29-34
Some college	57	54-60	32	29-35	20	18-23	35	32-38
College degree	58	56-61	38	36-40	15	13-17	35	33-38
Household income
< $15,000	42	36-48	25	20-30	37	31-42	27	22-33
$15,000 to $24,999	46	41-51	22	18-26	37	32-42	30	26-35
$25,000 to $49,999	53	49-56	30	27-33	28	24-31	32	28-35
$50,000 to $74,999	54	49-58	29	26-33	23	19-27	33	29-37
$75,000+	60	57-63	36	34-39	15	13-18	38	35-40
Race
White, non-Hispanic	54	52-56	28	27-30	24	23-26	35	33-37
Black, non-Hispanic	51	45-57	38	33-44	25	20-30	29	24-34
Hispanic	47	39-55	42	34-50	32	25-40	29	22-37
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	52	43-61	41	32-50	19	13-29	28	20-36
Straight	53	51-55	29	27-31	25	24-27	34	32-36

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Odd years of survey include the following interviewer instruction: If respondent does not have a "regular job duty" or is retired, they may count the physical activity or exercise they spend the most time doing in a regular month.

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the risk of developing many chronic diseases and can also help with weight management. Adults in the United States consume fruit about 1.1 times per day and vegetables about 1.6 times per day.¹⁴ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they eat five or more fruits or vegetables daily, consume two or more fruits or 100% fruit juice daily or consume three or more vegetables or salads daily are shown below.

	Eat Five or More Fruits or Vegetables Daily*		Consume Two or More Fruits or 100% Fruit Juice Daily*		Consume Three or More Vegetables or Salads Daily*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	8	7-9	24	22-26	11	10-12
Gender
Male	5	4-7	21	18-24	8	6-9
Female	10	8-13	27	23-30	15	13-17
Age
18-29	9	6-13	24	19-30	11	8-14
30-44	8	6-11	26	22-31	15	12-17
45-64	7	6-10	22	19-26	11	10-13
65+	6	4-10	23	19-28	8	7-10
Education
< High school	5	2-11	28	18-40	6	3-10
High school	7	5-10	21	18-25	8	6-10
Some college	7	5-9	21	17-25	13	11-15
College degree	11	9-14	28	25-32	16	14-18
Household income
< $15,000	8	4-14	18	12-25	10	7-14
$15,000 to $24,999	7	4-12	25	19-32	11	8-15
$25,000 to $49,999	9	6-13	22	18-27	10	8-13
$50,000 to $74,999	6	4-9	25	20-32	9	7-12
$75,000+	9	7-12	26	22-30	15	13-17
Race
White, non-Hispanic	7	6-9	24	21-27	11	10-12
Black, non-Hispanic	9	5-16	25	19-33	13	9-17
Hispanic	7	3-14	20	13-30	13	8-20
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	12	6-25	17	10-26	14	9-22
Straight	7	6-9	23	21-26	11	10-12

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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BRFSS respondents were asked to rate their general health as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor. The estimate(s) of adults who reported that their health was fair or poor are shown below.

	Fair or Poor General Health*
Demographics	%	CI
All Adults	19	17-20
Gender
Male	19	17-21
Female	18	17-20
Age
18-29	11	8-14
30-44	14	12-17
45-64	22	20-24
65+	24	22-27
Education
< High school	36	29-42
High school	22	20-25
Some college	16	14-18
College degree	9	8-11
Household income
< $15,000	43	38-49
$15,000 to $24,999	29	25-34
$25,000 to $49,999	20	17-23
$50,000 to $74,999	13	10-16
$75,000+	9	8-11
Race
White, non-Hispanic	18	16-19
Black, non-Hispanic	25	20-29
Hispanic	23	18-30
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	21	14-30
Straight	19	17-20

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Two additional indicators related to health care access are: 1) not having a personal doctor or health care provider and 2) having had a time during the past 12 months when you needed to see a doctor but could not because of the cost. The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they have no personal health care provider, could not receive care in the past year due to cost, are age 65 and older and have Medicare coverage, and did not take prescribed medication in the past year due to cost are shown below.

	Does Not Have a Personal Health Care Provider*		Couldn't Receive Care in the Past Year Due to Cost*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	15	13-16	10	9-11
Gender
Male	19	17-21	10	9-12
Female	11	9-12	10	9-12
Age
18-29	31	27-35	13	10-16
30-44	21	18-24	13	11-16
45-64	8	7-10	11	10-13
65+	3	2-4	4	3-6
Education
< High school	18	13-24	14	9-19
High school	14	13-17	10	8-11
Some college	15	13-18	12	10-14
College degree	13	11-14	8	7-10
Household income
< $15,000	17	13-22	18	14-23
$15,000 to $24,999	14	11-17	17	14-20
$25,000 to $49,999	17	14-20	12	10-14
$50,000 to $74,999	15	12-19	9	7-12
$75,000+	12	10-14	5	4-7
Race
White, non-Hispanic	13	11-14	9	8-10
Black, non-Hispanic	16	12-20	14	11-18
Hispanic	27	21-34	16	11-22
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	18	12-27	17	11-24
Straight	12	11-14	10	9-11

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Health care, or insurance coverage, includes private plans and plans such as Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) or governmental plans such as Medicare or the Indian Health Service. The estimate(s) of adults ages 18-64 who reported having no health care coverage are shown below.

	No Health Insurance, Age 18-64*
Demographics	%	CI
All adults	9	7-10
Gender
Male	10	8-12
Female	7	6-9
Age
18-29	11	9-14
30-44	10	8-13
45-64	6	5-7
Education
< High school	23	17-31
High school	11	9-14
Some college	6	5-7
College degree	3	2-4
Household income
< $15,000	17	12-23
$15,000 to $24,999	14	10-18
$25,000 to $49,999	10	8-13
$50,000 to $74,999	9	6-13
$75,000+	3	2-4
Race
White, non-Hispanic	7	6-8
Black, non-Hispanic	10	7-14
Hispanic	16	11-23
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	4	2-9
Straight	8	6-9

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Vision loss means that a person's eyesight is not corrected to a "normal" level. Vision loss can be caused by damage to the eye itself, by the eye being shaped incorrectly or even by a problem in the brain.¹⁵

Approximately 15 percent of American adults (37.5 million) report some trouble hearing.¹⁶ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were deaf or have serious difficulty hearing or were ever blind or have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses, are shown below.

	Deaf or Serious Difficulty Hearing*		Blind or Serious Difficulty Seeing, Even With Glasses*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	6	5-6	3	3-4
Gender
Male	7	6-8	3	2-4
Female	5	4-6	3	3-4
Age
18-29	2	1-4	2	1-3
30-44	3	2-4	2	1-4
45-64	5	4-7	4	3-5
65+	12	10-14	4	3-5
Education
< High school	9	6-14	7	5-11
High school	6	5-8	3	3-4
Some college	5	4-6	3	2-4
College degree	4	3-5	1	1-2
Household income
< $15,000	9	6-13	12	9-15
$15,000 to $24,999	8	6-11	6	5-9
$25,000 to $49,999	6	5-8	2	1-3
$50,000 to $74,999	5	3-7	1	1-2
$75,000+	3	2-5	1	1-2
Race
White, non-Hispanic	6	5-7	3	2-3
Black, non-Hispanic	5	3-8	5	3-8
Hispanic	7	4-13	6	3-11
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	5	2-14	4	2-11
Straight	5	5-6	3	3-4

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus spread through certain body fluids that attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells, often called T cells.¹⁷ The estimate(s) of adults age 18-64 who indicated they were ever tested for HIV (except during a blood donation) or that an HIV situation applies to them are shown below.

	Ever Tested for HIV, Except Blood Donation*		Tested for HIV in the Past Year, Except Blood Donation*		HIV Situation Applies* **
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	43	41-45	14	13-16	7	6-9
Gender
Male	39	37-42	13	11-16	9	7-11
Female	47	44-49	16	13-18	6	5-7
Age
18-29	36	32-41	20	16-24	16	13-19
30-44	56	52-59	17	15-21	8	6-10
45-64	38	35-40	9	7-11	3	2-4
Education
< High school	44	35-54	19	12-29	7	3-15
High school	38	34-41	14	11-16	8	6-10
Some college	46	42-49	16	13-19	9	7-11
College degree	46	43-48	12	10-15	6	5-7
Household income
< $15,000	58	51-65	32	24-41	9	6-13
$15,000 to $24,999	53	47-59	25	19-32	7	5-11
$25,000 to $49,999	45	41-50	16	13-20	7	6-10
$50,000 to $74,999	40	35-45	10	8-14	7	5-11
$75,000+	41	38-44	10	8-13	8	6-10
Race
White, non-Hispanic	38	36-40	10	9-12	7	6-8
Black, non-Hispanic	74	67-80	45	37-52	10	7-15
Hispanic	61	52-69	22	15-32	10	6-16
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	66	56-74	39	29-49	37	29-47
Straight	41	39-44	13	11-15	6	5-7

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Defined as having used intravenous drugs, having been treated for a sexually transmitted or venereal disease, having given or received money or drugs in exchange for sex, had anal sex without a condom or had four or more sex partners in the past year

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Adults with high blood pressure are at a higher risk for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and end-stage renal disease.¹⁸ The estimate(s) of adults who reported they were ever told they have high blood pressure or are currently taking medicine for high blood pressure are shown below.

	Ever Told Have High Blood Pressure*		Currently Taking Medicine for High Blood Pressure*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	33	31-34	79	76-81
Gender
Male	36	34-39	75	71-78
Female	29	27-31	83	80-86
Age
18-29	9	7-12	15	8-27
30-44	17	14-20	49	40-58
45-64	38	36-41	82	78-84
65+	60	57-63	93	90-95
Education
< High school	39	33-46	90	83-95
High school	37	35-40	80	76-83
Some college	32	29-34	72	66-76
College degree	25	23-27	77	73-80
Household income
< $15,000	42	36-47	77	70-83
$15,000 to $24,999	42	38-46	84	79-89
$25,000 to $49,999	35	32-38	78	73-82
$50,000 to $74,999	28	25-32	73	66-80
$75,000+	26	23-28	76	71-81
Race
White, non-Hispanic	33	32-35	79	76-81
Black, non-Hispanic	41	36-46	81	75-87
Hispanic	19	14-26	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	21	14-30	NSR	NSR
Straight	34	33-36	80	77-82

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Adult immunizations against influenza and pneumococcal disease are important health indicators that need to be routinely monitored.¹⁹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they had a flu shot or flu vaccine that was sprayed in the nose in the past year, are age 65 and older and ever had a pneumonia vaccination or are age 60 and older and ever had a shingles or zoster vaccination are shown below.

	Had Flu Shot or Flu Vaccine Sprayed in Nose in the Past Year*		Ever Had Pneumonia Vaccination, Age 65+*		Ever Had Shingles or Zoster Vaccination, Age 60+*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	44	43-46	75	72-78	40	37-43
Gender
Male	41	38-43	75	70-79	38	34-42
Female	48	46-50	76	71-79	42	38-45
Age
18-29	38	33-42	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
30-44	33	30-36	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
45-64	46	43-49	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
60+	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR	40	37-43
65+	63	60-66	75	72-78	NSR	NSR
Education
< High school	40	33-47	71	59-81	33	24-43
High school	41	38-44	74	69-78	38	34-42
Some college	43	40-46	79	74-84	38	33-43
College degree	52	50-55	77	73-81	51	47-55
Household income
< $15,000	42	36-48	71	59-80	31	23-41
$15,000 to $24,999	45	41-50	70	61-77	34	29-41
$25,000 to $49,999	43	39-46	81	77-86	41	36-46
$50,000 to $74,999	42	38-46	75	67-82	45	38-52
$75,000+	47	44-50	75	68-80	45	39-50
Race
White, non-Hispanic	45	43-47	76	73-79	41	39-44
Black, non-Hispanic	41	36-47	77	64-86	24	17-33
Hispanic	42	34-50	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	43	34-52	NSR	NSR	NSR	NSR
Straight	45	43-47	77	73-79	41	38-43

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Kidney disease is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and are unable to filter blood properly. Adults with diabetes or hypertension are at an increased risk of kidney disease.²⁰ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were ever told they have a kidney disease are shown below.

	Ever Told Have Kidney Disease*
Demographics	%	CI
All adults	3	2-3
Gender
Male	3	2-4
Female	3	2-3
Age
18-29	0	0-1
30-44	2	1-3
45-64	3	2-4
65+	5	4-6
Education
< High school	4	2-7
High school	3	2-4
Some college	3	2-4
College degree	2	1-2
Household income
< $15,000	5	3-8
$15,000 to $24,999	4	3-6
$25,000 to $49,999	3	2-4
$50,000 to $74,999	2	1-3
$75,000+	2	1-3
Race
White, non-Hispanic	3	2-3
Black, non-Hispanic	3	2-5
Hispanic	2	1-4
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	1	0-3
Straight	3	2-3

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Being overweight or obese has been proven to increase the risk of many diseases and health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, high cholesterol, and some forms of cancer.²¹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were overweight, obese or overweight and obese are shown below.

	Overweight* (BMI 25-29)		Obese* (BMI >= 30)		Overweight & Obese* (BMI >= 25)
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	36	34-37	32	30-33	67	66-69
Gender
Male	41	38-43	33	30-35	73	71-76
Female	30	28-32	31	28-33	61	58-63
Age
18-29	27	23-31	20	17-24	47	42-51
30-44	37	34-41	32	29-36	70	66-73
45-64	38	35-40	37	34-40	75	72-77
65+	38	35-41	32	30-35	70	67-73
Education
< High school	34	27-41	36	29-43	70	63-76
High school	37	34-40	34	31-37	71	68-73
Some college	36	33-39	32	29-35	68	65-71
College degree	34	32-37	26	24-28	60	58-63
Household income
< $15,000	29	24-34	38	32-44	66	61-72
$15,000 to $24,999	35	31-40	36	32-41	71	67-75
$25,000 to $49,999	37	33-40	31	28-34	67	64-71
$50,000 tot $74,999	36	32-41	34	30-39	71	67-75
$75,000+	37	34-40	29	26-32	66	63-68
Race
White, non-Hispanic	35	34-37	32	30-33	67	65-69
Black, non-Hispanic	35	30-40	38	33-44	73	68-77
Hispanic	39	31-46	25	19-32	64	56-71
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	29	22-38	30	23-39	60	50-68
Straight	36	34-38	33	31-34	69	67-70

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: The Body Mass Index (BMI), which describes relative weight for height, is significantly correlated with total body fat content. BMI is calculated as mass (kg)/height² (m²) and estimated using pounds and inches by [weight (pound)/height² (inches²)] x 703. Individuals with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight, while individuals with a BMI >= 30 are considered obese.

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Impairment is an absence of, or significant difference in, a person's body structure or function or mental functioning.²² One in 25 United States adults reported having difficulty dressing or bathing, and one in 15 United States adults reported having difficulty doing errands alone due to a health condition.²³ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they had difficulty making decisions due to a health condition, had difficulty walking or climbing stairs, had difficulty dressing or bathing, or had difficulty doing errands alone due to a health condition are shown below.

	Have Difficulty Making Decisions Due to Health Condition* **		Have Difficulty Walking or Climbing Stairs*		Have Difficulty Dressing or Bathing*		Have Difficulty Doing Errands Alone Due to Health Condition* **
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	11	10-12	14	13-15	4	3-5	7	7-8
Gender
Male	10	9-12	12	11-13	4	3-5	6	5-7
Female	12	11-14	15	14-17	4	3-5	9	8-10
Age
18-29	13	10-16	3	2-6	1	0-2	4	2-5
30-44	12	10-15	7	5-9	3	2-5	6	5-8
45-64	12	10-14	18	17-21	6	5-7	9	8-11
65+	8	7-10	23	20-25	5	4-7	9	7-11
Education
< High school	21	16-28	26	21-32	9	6-13	19	14-24
High school	12	11-14	17	15-19	4	3-5	8	6-9
Some college	11	9-13	12	10-14	4	3-6	7	5-8
College degree	6	5-7	7	6-8	2	1-2	3	3-4
Household income
< $15,000	28	23-33	32	27-37	14	10-18	22	18-26
$15,000 to $24,999	20	17-24	26	22-30	9	6-12	17	13-21
$25,000 to $49,999	9	7-11	14	12-17	3	2-5	6	4-8
$50,000 to $74,999	9	7-12	8	7-11	2	1-4	3	2-5
$75,000+	5	4-6	5	4-6	1	1-2	2	1-3
Race
White, non-Hispanic	11	9-12	14	12-15	4	3-5	7	6-8
Black, non-Hispanic	13	10-16	17	13-21	5	3-7	10	7-13
Hispanic	16	12-23	11	7-17	4	2-9	9	6-15
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	18	12-27	13	8-20	1	0-3	8	4-13
Straight	11	10-12	14	13-16	4	4-5	7	6-8

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Includes physical, mental or emotional problems

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Preconception health refers to the health of women and men during their reproductive years, which are the years they can have a child. It focuses on taking steps now to protect the health of a baby they might have sometime in the future.²⁴ The estimate(s) of women who indicated she or her husband/partner did something they last time they had sex to keep from getting pregnant are shown below.

	She or Husband/Partner Did Something Last Time They Had Sex to Keep From Getting Pregnant*
Demographics	%	CI
Gender
Female	59	54-64
Age
18-29	65	57-73
30-44	54	49-60
Education
< High school	NSR	NSR
High school	47	38-56
Some college	60	52-67
College degree	71	65-76
Household income
< $15,000	NSR	NSR
$15,000 to $24,999	52	39-65
$25,000 to $49,999	53	43-62
$50,000 to $74,999	67	56-76
$75,000+	67	59-74
Race
White, non-Hispanic	63	57-68
Black, non-Hispanic	45	33-57
Hispanic	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	NSR	NSR
Straight	60	55-65

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Each day, over 1,000 people are treated in emergency departments for misusing prescription opioids.²⁵ The estimate(s) of adults who reported they used any prescription pain medications in the past year or used perscription pain medicines not prescribed to them in the past year are shown below.

	Used Any Prescription Pain Medications in the Past Year*		Used Prescription Pain Medicines Not Prescribed to You in the Past Year*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	32	30-33	3	2-4
Gender
Male	29	27-32	4	3-6
Female	33	31-36	2	1-4
Age
18-29	28	23-33	5	2-11
30-44	25	22-29	3	1-6
45-64	35	33-38	3	2-4
65+	35	32-38	3	2-5
Education
< High school	40	32-48	1	0-5
High school	34	31-37	3	2-5
Some college	32	29-35	4	3-7
College degree	25	23-27	3	2-4
Household income
< $15,000	43	37-49	4	2-8
$15,000 to $24,999	42	38-48	2	1-5
$25,000 to $49,999	30	27-34	5	3-8
$50,000 to $74,999	33	29-38	2	1-5
$75,000+	24	22-27	2	1-6
Race
White, non-Hispanic	31	29-32	3	2-5
Black, non-Hispanic	43	37-49	4	2-8
Hispanic	30	22-39	4	1-14
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	32	24-40	1	0-6
Straight	32	30-33	3	2-4

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: No trend available. 2017 is the first year these questions were asked.

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Physically and mentally unhealthy days measure the number of days within the past 30 days that individuals rate their physical and mental health as not good. The estimate(s) of adults who reported one or more physically or mentally unhealthy days are shown below.

	Physical Health Not Good 1+ Days in the Past Month*		Mental Health Not Good 1+ Days in the Past Month*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	41	39-42	39	37-40
Gender
Male	37	35-39	33	31-35
Female	44	42-46	44	42-47
Age
18-29	39	35-44	52	48-57
30-44	38	35-42	46	43-50
45-64	43	40-46	36	33-38
65+	41	38-44	24	22-27
Education
< High school	51	44-58	43	36-50
High school	41	38-44	37	34-40
Some college	41	38-44	41	38-44
College degree	36	33-38	37	35-40
Household income
< $15,000	57	51-63	52	46-58
$15,000 to $24,999	50	45-54	44	39-48
$25,000 to $49,999	39	36-43	37	34-41
$50,000 to $74,999	35	31-39	36	32-40
$75,000+	34	31-36	37	34-40
Race
White, non-Hispanic	41	39-42	38	36-40
Black, non-Hispanic	42	37-47	41	36-46
Hispanic	43	36-50	44	37-52
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	60	52-69	57	48-66
Straight	41	39-43	38	36-39

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Seat belt use is the most effective way to save lives and reduce injuries in crashes.²⁶ Seat belts have saved an estimated 318,000 lives between 1975 and 2013.²⁷ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they always use seatbelts when driving or riding in a car, always or nearly always use seatbelts when driving or riding in a car, or seldom or never use seatbelts when driving or riding in a car are shown below.

	Always Use Seatbelts When Driving or Riding in a Car*		Always or Nearly Always Use Seatbelts When Driving or Riding in a Car*		Seldom or Never Use Seatbelts When Driving or Riding in a Car*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	81	79-82	90	88-91	6	5-7
Gender
Male	75	72-77	86	84-88	8	7-10
Female	86	85-88	93	91-94	4	3-5
Age
18-29	75	71-79	86	82-89	6	4-9
30-44	77	74-80	89	86-91	8	6-10
45-64	84	82-86	92	90-93	5	4-7
65+	84	81-87	91	89-93	5	4-7
Education
< High school	66	58-73	76	69-82	15	10-20
High school	78	76-81	88	86-89	7	6-9
Some college	81	78-83	91	89-92	5	3-6
College degree	90	88-91	96	95-97	2	2-3
Household income
< $15,000	72	65-77	80	73-85	11	8-17
$15,000 to $24,999	78	75-82	85	82-88	8	6-11
$25,000 to $49,999	80	77-83	89	87-91	6	5-9
$50,000 to $74,999	79	74-83	89	85-92	6	4-8
$75,000+	86	83-88	94	92-96	5	3-7
Race
White, non-Hispanic	81	80-83	90	89-91	6	5-7
Black, non-Hispanic	77	73-82	87	84-91	5	4-8
Hispanic	76	68-82	87	80-91	7	4-12
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	80	72-86	86	78-92	6	3-15
Straight	81	79-82	90	88-91	6	5-7

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Approximately, 1.4 million adults in the United States identify as transgender.²⁸ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were considered lesbian, gay or bisexual or were considered transgender are shown below.

	Considered to be Lesbian, Gay or Bisexual*		Considered to be Transgender*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	4	3-4	0	0-1
Gender
Male	4	3-5	0	0-1
Female	4	3-5	0	0-1
Age
18-29	9	7-12	1	0-2
30-44	4	3-6	0	0-1
45-64	2	2-3	0	0-1
65+	2	1-3	0	0-1
Education
< High school	2	1-6	1	0-3
High school	3	2-4	1	0-1
Some college	5	3-6	0	0-1
College degree	4	3-5	0	0-0
Household income
< $15,000	5	3-10	0	0-2
$15,000 to $24,999	3	2-5	0	0-3
$25,000 to $49,999	5	3-6	0	0-1
$50,000 to $74,999	3	2-5	1	0-3
$75,000+	3	2-5	0	0-1
Race
White, non-Hispanic	3	3-4	0	0-1
Black, non-Hispanic	5	3-9	0	0-1
Hispanic	5	3-9	0	0-2
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	NSR	NSR	4	2-9
Straight	NSR	NSR	0	0-1

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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Social determinants of health are the conditions in the places where people live, learn, work and play that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes.²⁹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they were not able to pay mortgage, rent or utility bills at least once in the past year, consider their neighborhood to be unsafe or extremely unsafe, often did not have money to buy extra food or often did not have money to eat balanced meals are shown below.

	Unable to Pay Mortgage, Rent or Utility Bills at Least Once in the Past Year*		Consider Their Neighborhood to be Unsafe or Extremely Unsafe*		Often Did Not Have Money to Buy Extra Food*		Often Did Not Have Money to Eat Balanced Meals*
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	8	7-9	6	5-7	3	2-4	5	4-5
Gender
Male	8	6-9	6	5-7	2	2-3	4	3-6
Female	9	7-10	6	5-7	4	3-5	5	4-6
Age
18-29	7	5-9	8	6-11	4	2-6	7	5-10
30-44	11	9-13	5	4-7	4	2-6	6	4-8
45-64	10	9-12	6	5-8	4	3-5	5	4-6
65+	3	2-5	5	4-7	1	1-2	2	1-2
Education
< High school	11	8-16	11	7-16	9	6-14	9	5-14
High School	10	8-12	8	6-9	3	2-4	6	5-8
Some college	9	7-11	6	4-7	2	2-4	5	3-6
College degree	4	3-5	3	2-4	1	1-2	1	1-2
Household income
< $15,000	27	22-32	15	11-20	12	9-16	13	9-18
$15,000 to $24,999	18	15-22	12	9-17	9	6-12	10	8-14
$25,000 to $49,999	9	8-12	7	5-9	3	2-4	5	4-7
$50,000 to $74,999	4	2-5	3	2-5	0	0-1	2	1-4
$75,000+	2	1-3	2	2-3	0	0-1	1	0-2
Race
White, non-Hispanic	7	6-8	4	3-5	2	2-3	4	3-5
Black, non-Hispanic	19	15-24	19	15-24	6	4-10	7	4-11
Hispanic	10	7-16	14	8-22	9	5-16	9	5-15
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	9	5-15	10	6-18	3	1-8	7	4-12
Straight	8	7-9	6	5-7	3	3-4	4	4-5

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
Note: No trend available. 2017 is the first year these questions were asked.

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Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, accounting for more than 480,000 deaths each year.³⁰ Quitting smoking greatly reduces the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Currently, there are more former smokers than current smokers in the United States.³¹ The estimate(s) of adults who indicated they are a current smoker, former smoker, have quit at least one day in the past year, or currently use chewing tobacco, snuff or snus are shown below.

	Current Smoker* **		Currently Use Chewing Tobacco, Snuff or Snus* ***		Former Smoker*		Quit at Least 1 Day in the Past Year* **
Demographics	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
All adults	19	17-20	4	3-5	27	26-28	50	45-54
Gender
Male	21	19-23	7	6-9	32	30-34	47	40-53
Female	17	15-19	1	0-1	22	21-24	53	47-60
Age
18-29	18	15-21	7	5-10	9	7-11	58	45-70
30-44	25	22-28	5	4-7	25	22-28	53	44-62
45-64	22	20-24	3	3-5	28	25-30	45	39-52
65+	10	8-11	1	1-2	43	39-46	43	33-55
Education
< High school	30	25-37	6	3-10	27	22-34	NSR	NSR
High school	23	20-25	6	5-7	28	25-30	46	40-53
Some college	20	18-23	3	2-4	27	24-30	54	46-62
College degree	8	7-9	2	1-3	26	24-28	60	51-69
Household income
< $15,000	31	26-37	3	2-5	20	16-25	49	36-63
$15,000 to $24,999	28	24-33	4	3-6	26	23-30	54	45-64
$25,000 to $49,999	21	19-24	5	3-6	26	24-29	50	42-59
$50,000 to $74,999	18	15-22	4	3-6	31	27-35	51	39-63
$75,000+	11	10-14	4	3-6	29	27-32	48	36-60
Race
White, non-Hispanic	19	17-20	4	4-5	29	28-31	48	43-53
Black, non-Hispanic	20	16-24	1	1-3	21	17-25	62	48-74
Hispanic	20	15-27	4	2-7	15	10-21	NSR	NSR
Sexual orientation
Lesbian, gay or bisexual	23	17-31	2	1-5	27	19-36	NSR	NSR
Straight	18	17-20	4	4-5	28	27-30	48	43-53

*Excludes missing, don't know and refused
**Includes adults who smoke cigarettes every day or some days
***Includes adults who currently use chewing tobacco, snuff or snus every day or some days
Note: If "NSR" is displayed, then the total response is less than 50 and/or the percentage prevalence is considered "not statistically reliable."

Color bands around estimates show 95% confidence intervals

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